Grenaders i equips de foc

[SilverArrow]

Avui he tingut una llarga conversa sobre grenaders amb un colega que és oficial dels Marines americans, sobre la seva útilitat, ús, com els Marines el fan servir i tota la pesca.

A l'exèrcit americà el rol de grenader està assignat a un soldat dins de l'equip de foc. Un equip de foc a l'exèrcit americà actual està construït al voltant d'una ametralladora lleugera. De manera que hi ha un lider d'equip de foc, un fuseller automàtic (que porta la ametrelladora lleugera), un granader i un fuseller. El llença granades nomès el fa servir aquest soldat en el rol de grenader.


Completament diferent és l'ús que en fan als Marines americans, on el llença granades el fan servir unicament els caps d'equip de foc. L'ús principal que es fa del llençagranades és per marcar objectius habitualment amb granades HEDP explosives (en cas que pogues haver-hi foc amic fan servir fum).

De fet, segons el meu colega, el fet de dedicar un soldat per fer de grenader, és una estrategia "gay de l'exèrcit".

La formació d'un equip de foc als Marines és Ready (RF), Team (TL/GR), Fire (AR) and assist (RF ass. AR).

Aqui us deixo la descripció dels rols del Manual d'esquadra dels Marines:

http://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/Publi ... 0Squad.pdf

a. General. Every man of a fire team must know the duties of the other
team members, and in turn, the fire team leader and the squad leader should
be able to assume the duties of their next superior.

b. Squad Leader. The squad leader carries out the orders issued to him
by the platoon commander. He is responsible for the discipline, appearance,
training, control, conduct, and welfare of his squad at all times, as
well as the condition, care, and economical use of its weapons and equipment.
In combat, he is also responsible for the tactical employment, fire
discipline, fire control, and maneuver of his squad. He takes position where
he can best carry out the orders of the platoon commander and observe
and control the squad.

c. Fire Team Leader / Grenadier. The fire team leader carries out the
orders of the squad leader. He is responsible for the fire discipline and control
of his fire team and for the condition, care, and economical use of
its weapons and equipment. In carrying out the orders of the squad leader,
he takes a position to best observe and control the fire team. Normally,
he is close enough to the automatic rifleman to exercise effective control
of his fires. In addition to his primary duties as a leader, but not to the
detriment of them, he serves as a grenadier and is responsible for the
effective employment of the grenade launcher, his rifle, and for the condition
and care of his weapons and equipment. The senior fire team leader
in the squad serves as assistant squad leader.

d. Automatic Rifleman. The automatic rifleman carries out the orders
of the fire team leader. He is responsible for the effective employment of
the automatic rifle and for the condition and care of his weapon and
equipment.

e. Assistant Automatic Rifleman. The assistant automatic rifleman
assists in the employment of the automatic rifle. He carries additional magazines
and/or ammunition boxes for the automatic rifle and is prepared to
assume the duties of the automatic rifleman. He is responsible for the
effective employment of his rifle and for the condition and care of his
weapon and equipment.

f. Rifleman. The rifleman in the fire team carries out the orders of the
fire team leader. He is responsible for the effective employment of his rifle
and for the condition and care of his weapon and equipment. The rifleman
is trained as a scout.

Tot i que el seu manual ja s'ha quedat en part anticuat doncs, el rol de fuseller automàtic és un xic diferent, és fa servir la M27 i és basa en concentrar poc foc, però precis per suprimir (ja que amb una M249 disparant a raig, no s'aconseguia suprimir al no tenir gaire punteria).

També descriu com s'han de ser les diferents cadencies de foc:

Rates of Fire

The rates of fire of squad weapons combine to form the firepower of the
squad. Weapons employment and squad firepower are not determined by
how fast Marines can fire their weapons but how fast they can fire accurately.
The squad or fire team leader must be able to control the rate and effect of
his men's fire, otherwise, ammunition is wasted.
The rate of fire for weapons is expressed in rounds per minute (RPM). The
following rates of fire apply to the weapons of the rifle squad.

a. Average Rate. This term refers to the average rate of aimed fire a
Marine can deliver with a semiautomatic rifle or with an M-203 grenade
launcher. The following average rates apply to squad weapons:
• M-l6: 10 to 12 RPM.
• M-203: 5 to 7 RPM.
2.11
2-12

b. Sustained Rate. This term applies to automatic rifles and machine
guns. It is the actual rate of well-directed fire a weapon can deliver for
an indefinite length of time without causing a stoppage or malfunction due
to overheating. The sustained rate for the SAW is 85 RPM.

c. Rapid Rate. This term applies to automatic rifles and machine guns.
It is the maximum amount of controlled fire which can be delivered on
target for a short period of time (usually not more than two minutes) without
causing a stoppage or malfunction due to overheating. The rapid rate
for the SAW is 200 RPM

 

[SilverArrow]

Per últim comentar que en el manual també hi indica com el lider d'equip ha de fer servir el llençagrenades:

2401. General
The lIre team leader/grenadier carries a weapon that is both rifle and
grenade launcher, and he can use either or both as the situation dictates.
In order for him to best employ the M-203 portion of the weapon, he must
understand the trajectory of the rounds, methods of firing, and effects of
the rounds.

2402. Employment

a. Offense. The fire team leader/grenadier employs the grenade launcher
in the offense to destroy groups of enemy personnel and to provide close
fire support in the assault in conjunction with, and to supplement, other
supporting fires.

(1) The fire team leader/grenadier personally selects targets and delivers
the fires of the grenade launcher during the attack. In the last 35 meters
of the assault, when the fires of the grenade launcher may endanger
friendly assaulting troops on the objective, the fire team leader/grenadier
employs the multiprojectile antipersonnel round. The multiprojectile
round can be fired from the assault skirmish line without endangering
the other assaulting Marines. The fire team leader/grenadier can fire high
explosive rounds at targets which are far enough away so that the exploding
HE round will not endanger the assaulting squad. (HE rounds require
an arming distance of approximately 30 meters.)

(2) During the assault, the fire team leader/grenadier may employ his
rifle until suitable targets appear or until he has time to reload the M-203.
Suitable M-203 targets are enemy automatic rifle positions, machine gun
positions, and other crew-served weapons within the fire team sector.
This method of employment is used when a heavy volume of fire is
needed.

b. Defense. In the defense the fire team leader/grenadier's firing position
should enable him to control his fire team and deliver grenade launcher
fires over the entire fire team sector of fire. Primary and supplementary
positions are prepared which provide maximum cover and concealment
consistent with the assigned mission. Extreme care must be taken to ensure
that fields of fire are cleared of obstructions which might cause premature
detonation of the projectile. As the enemy approaches the defensive
position, he is subjected to an ever-increasing volume of fire. Initially,
the fire team leader/grenadier should use the rifle portion of the weapon.
As the enemy gets nearer to friendly positions, he should use the grenade
launcher. He will fire on enemy automatic weapons and enemy troops
who are in defilade. This will silence an enemy base of fire and cause
enemy troops to leave covered positions so the automatic riflemen can
engage them.

 

[ZeroQ]

Gràcies Silver, molt interessant. Estava buscant en la plana que ens has passat del manual i al llistat d'unitats no he trobat als Marine Force Recon. He descarregat el manual i xafardejaré d'altres que tenen bona pinta pero volia més informació dels Force Recon i m'ha extranyat no trobar-ne en aquesta web

 

[SilverArrow]

Gràcies Silver, molt interessant. Estava buscant en la plana que ens has passat del manual i al llistat d'unitats no he trobat als Marine Force Recon. He descarregat el manual i xafardejaré d'altres que tenen bona pinta pero volia més informació dels Force Recon i m'ha extranyat no trobar-ne en aquesta web

Les companyies de Force Recon estan inscrites en els principals batallons de recon, per exemple:

1st Recon Battalion

Són molt discrets, però si busques bé a la web:

CQCT TRAINING GUIDES 2ND FORCE RECON FOR 22ND MEU

SWIFT, SILENT, DEADLY: FORCE RECON BREAKS DOWN DOORS

FORCE COMPANY PHYSICAL TRAINING; AN AVERAGE DAY